CNC, or Computer Numerical Control, is the automation of machine tools using computers to execute pre-programmed commands. It allows manufacturers to produce parts with high precision and repeatability.

CNC machining is the process of using computer-controlled tools to remove material and create a finished part. The software directs the movement of cutting tools like mills, lathes, and routers, allowing complex shapes and tight tolerances to be achieved efficiently.

A Turning Center is a CNC lathe that spins the workpiece while a stationary cutting tool removes material. It’s ideal for producing shafts, bushings, and other round components.

A Turning Center rotates the workpiece while the tool stays still. A Machining Center keeps the part stationary and rotates the cutting tools, making it better for prismatic shapes and complex features.

A Tool Setter automatically measures tool length and diameter to ensure accurate offsets, reduce setup time, and improve consistency in part production.

CNC preventive maintenance is regular inspection, cleaning, lubrication, and calibration to prevent breakdowns and extend the life of your machine.

An over-travel alarm means an axis has moved beyond its programmed limit, protecting the machine from damage. Causes include programming errors, homing issues, or tripped limit switches.

CNC machines should be inspected quarterly and receive full maintenance at least once a year. High-use machines may need more frequent service.

Way lube is a special oil that lubricates the sliding surfaces of CNC machines to reduce friction, prevent wear, and protect against rust.

With proper care, a CNC machine can last 15–25 years or more. Rebuilding and upgrading components can extend its service life.

Most CNC machining uses coolant to control heat, extend tool life, and improve finishes. Some jobs can be done dry, but it depends on the material and operation.

Center drill breakage is usually caused by incorrect speeds and feeds, misalignment, worn tooling, or poor lubrication. Adjust settings and check alignment to prevent damage.

Poor finishes often result from tool wear, vibration, or incorrect cutting parameters. Use sharp tools, proper speeds and feeds, and ensure stable workholding.

Tool Setter errors can come from chips, coolant buildup, loose mounting, or calibration issues. Clean and recalibrate the device regularly.

This is often due to a worn drawbar, weak Belleville washers, or dirty tool tapers. Inspect components and keep toolholders clean. It can also be caused by a worn ATC Arm, a Damaged Cambox, or an incorrect G30 position. 

Over-travel alarms during zero return are caused by hitting the axis limit. Move the axis away, check home settings, and use the correct sequence.

If it jogs but won’t run a program, check for an active feed hold, incorrect mode selection, or a safety interlock condition. Also, check to see if all the spindle belts are in good operating condition. There is a small belt that runs an encoder off the spindle that sends a confirmation that the spindle is turning. If this is not operating properly, the machine will not feed.

Interlock is a safety lockout. Close doors, reset emergency stops, and confirm the safety circuit is working. Also, check to see if the tool changer is in the proper position, that the pallet changer is in home position, and the table and pallet are clamped.

A spindle that coasts may have a faulty brake, solenoid, or incorrect deceleration settings. Inspect the braking system. Also, check to make sure that the spindle belts are tight and not slipping.

Overuse of way lube can mean failed metering units, cracked lines, or stuck pump relays. Inspect for leaks and replace faulty parts.

Check the power source, fuses, breakers, and safety circuits. Ensure emergency stops are released.

Knocking often signals backlash, worn ball screws, or spindle bearing failure. Stop the machine and inspect immediately.

Overheating can come from clogged coolant lines, low lubrication, or failing fans. Clean filters, check coolant levels, and inspect cooling systems.

This can be caused by corrupted program data, bad connections, or faulty memory. Reload the program and check communication cables.

Follow a preventive maintenance schedule, train operators, and use OEM parts. Fix small issues early to avoid costly repairs.

In a 5-axis machine, the cutting tool moves in X, Y, and Z linear directions, and can also rotate on two additional axes (A and B), allowing it to approach the part from almost any angle.